they have materialized
-se sont concrétisés
Present perfect they conjugation of materialize.

materialize

Therefore, the degree to which ideas participate in history depends on the degree to which they have materialized.
Par conséquent, la mesure dans laquelle participent des idées dans l'histoire dépend de la mesure dans laquelle ils se sont matérialisés.
Several of the promises of globalization have yet to materialize, and when they have materialized, benefits have been distributed very unevenly among and within countries, as have costs.
Plusieurs des promesses de la mondialisation ne se sont pas encore concrétisées et lorsqu'elles l'ont fait, les avantages en ont été répartis très inégalement entre les pays et à l'intérieur de ceux-ci, de même que les coûts.
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