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se
A pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun (e.g., elle, lui).
a. himself (masculine) (singular)
A word or phrase that is masculine (e.g., le livre).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Antoine s'est présenté au groupe.Antoine introduced himself to the group.
b. herself (feminine) (singular)
A word or phrase that is feminine (e.g., la pomme).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Liliane s'est présentée au groupe.Liliane introduced herself to the group.
c. itself (singular) (not used for people)
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
L'oiseau se lavait dans la flaque d'eau.The bird was washing itself in the puddle.
d. oneself (impersonal) (singular)
A word or phrase that is not directed to a particular person or thing (e.g., on doit).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Il est essentiel de bien se connaître.It's essential to know oneself well.
e. themselves (plural)
A word or phrase that is plural (e.g., les livres).
Les acteurs se préparaient à monter sur scène.The actors were preparing themselves to go onstage.
f. no direct translation
This refers to an idiomatic word or phrase for which there is no word-for-word translation.
Loïc ne s'est pas rasé aujourd'hui.Loïc didn't shave today.
Quand est-ce que tes enfants se sont levés ce matin ?When did your kids get up this morning?
a. each other
Les deux amis essaient de se voir tous les week-ends.The two friends try to see each other every weekend.
b. one another
Les membres de l'équipe se sont félicités pour leur victoire.The team members congratulated one another on their win.
a. himself (masculine) (singular)
A word or phrase that is masculine (e.g., le livre).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Clément se permet de juger sans connaître pleinement la situation.Clément allows himself to judge without fully knowing the situation.
b. to himself (masculine) (singular)
A word or phrase that is masculine (e.g., le livre).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Clément savait qu'il se mentait.Clément knew he was lying to himself.
c. herself (feminine) (singular)
A word or phrase that is feminine (e.g., la pomme).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Chloé se permet de juger sans connaître pleinement la situation.Chloé allows herself to judge without fully knowing the situation.
d. to herself (feminine) (singular)
A word or phrase that is feminine (e.g., la pomme).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Chloé savait qu'elle se mentait.Chloé knew she was lying to herself.
e. itself (singular) (not used for people)
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Comment cette communauté peut-elle se suffire si elle ne produit pas sa propre énergie ?How can this community sustain itself if it doesn't produce its own energy?
f. to itself (singular) (not used for people)
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Ce robot se parle en langage codé quand il traite de nouvelles données.This robot talks to itself in coded language when it processes new data.
g. oneself (impersonal) (singular)
A word or phrase that is not directed to a particular person or thing (e.g., on doit).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Il faut parfois se permettre de rêver.Sometimes it's necessary to allow oneself to dream.
h. to oneself (impersonal) (singular)
A word or phrase that is not directed to a particular person or thing (e.g., on doit).
A word or phrase that is singular (e.g., le chat).
Il est important de tenir les promesses qu’on se fait.It's important to keep the promises that one makes to oneself.
i. themselves (plural)
A word or phrase that is plural (e.g., les livres).
Après tout le travail qu’ils ont accompli sur le projet, les ouvriers se doivent de prendre un peu de repos.After all their hard work on the project, the workers owe themselves some time off.
j. to themselves (plural)
A word or phrase that is plural (e.g., les livres).
Mes élèves se parlent souvent à voix haute lorsqu'ils font des maths.My students often talk to themselves out loud when doing math.
k. no direct translation
This refers to an idiomatic word or phrase for which there is no word-for-word translation.
Axel a pu se procurer tous les documents nécessaires pour son visa.Axel was able to obtain all the necessary documents for his visa.
Est-ce que tes grands-parents se rappellent comment était ce quartier autrefois ?Do your grandparents recall what this neighborhood was like in the past?
a. each other
Emma et Adam ont dû se pardonner pour pouvoir avancer dans leur relation.Emma and Adam had to forgive each other to be able to move forward with their relationship.
b. to each other
Camille et Sandra se sont offert des petits cadeaux pour Noël.Camille and Sandra gave small gifts to each other for Christmas.
c. one another
Quand mes parents se téléphonent, l’appel ne dure généralement que quelques minutes.When my parents call one another, the call usually only lasts a few minutes.
d. to one another
Mes grands-parents aiment s'écrire des lettres.My grandparents like to write letters to one another.
Examples
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